Energy Mix Per Capita in Indonesia
Revised - Problem Set 2 | SIS 750
About this chart
Indonesia’s per capita energy consumption grew from roughly 2,500 kWh in 1984 to over 10,000 kWh in 2024, with coal responsible for the majority of that increase. Rather than diversifying its energy mix as consumption rose, Indonesia became more reliant on fossil fuels, we see this in Figure 1 with oil plateauing around 2004, gas growing consistently, and coal continuing to climb as the primary energy source. Figure 2 narrows the focus to 2018–2024 to assess renewable progress, showing that solar and wind together account for under 20 kWh per person which is less than 0.2% of total consumption. While the larger renewable block consisting mainly of biomass,hass and geothermal has been growing significantly, Indonesia’s efforts are not enough. Against Indonesia’s stated targets of 23% renewables by 2030—already delayed from 2025—and net zero by 2060, the data suggest a significant implementation gap as overall energy demand is still rising. The renewable capacity must outpace a growing baseline, not just substitute an existing one for the policy goals to be achieved in time.
Data Source
Energy Institute - Statistical Review of World Energy (2025); Population based on various sources (2024) – with major processing by Our World in Data. “Coal consumption per capita” [dataset]. Energy Institute, “Statistical Review of World Energy”; Various sources, “Population” original data.